Though these risk assessments remain the subject of debate and need réévaluation in light of newer low-dose CT protocols, alternative modalities that are free of ionizing radiation would greatly expand the applications of imaging for longitudinal assessment of pediatric lung disease to study the natural history of pulmonary conditions that are poorly understood. With a mean lung dose of ~10 mGy per chest CT for patients under 5 years old, it has been projected that one radiation-induced solid cancer will result from every ~360 and every ~1200 chest CT scans tor girls and boys, respectively ( 2). Further, ionizing-radiation exposure remains a consideration for sensitive patients such as infants, immunocompromised patients, and children with chronic morbidities who may need many CT scans throughout their lifetime ( 1– 3). When higher precision is needed, chest x-ray computed tomography (CT) may be ordered however, the modality is used sparingly in young patients, in part due to the need for sedation or anesthesia. Chest x-ray radiographs, often the first line of radiological inquiry to assess acute morbidity, are fast and easily deployable in the clinic however, the modality lacks tomographic resolution. “And it’s amazing.Pulmonary morbidity in infants and young children may arise from many sources: preterm birth (eg, bronchopulmonary dysplasia ), congenital defects such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF) which is now diagnosed at birth, and multitudinous airway obstruction such as asthma. “The connection may not be terribly obvious,” Legato says, “but at least we had that.” Traveling to Kenya to capture the film’s opening scene-the one real shot in the film-enhanced their understanding of the film’s core tenet: “It sounds corny as shit, but the circle of life really does exist there,” he said. The team studied classic musicals for inspiration, including Singin’ in the Rain and other Gene Kelly vehicles, Donald O’Connor’s filmography, and early Busby Berkeley films. We just have to stop shooting at a certain point and move on…because there’s so many variations you can do.” “It’s a fine balance,” said visual effects supervisor Robert Legato, who said he and his team requested room for just a little bit of heightened reality in the animals’ movements during songs like “I Just Can’t Wait to Be King.” “We could probably still be shooting those scenes. Zazu and Simba in Jon Favreau’s The Lion King. The entire getup took nearly three hours to apply each time, Hiro says, but Theron was more than game. The Bombshell look, which Hiro says took a little less than two months to perfect, required a nose plug to make Theron’s nostrils flare prosthetic nose, chin, and jaw pieces and even eyelid pieces, in addition to a wig and contact lenses. The makeup and prosthetic magic comes courtesy of Kazu Hiro, who won an Oscar for transforming Gary Oldman into Winston Churchill for Darkest Hour. But, he jokes, the long-running relationship doesn’t make the job any easier: “ gets me in the door, but certainly doesn’t let me off the hook.” -YOHANA DESTA MakeupĬharlize Theron’s chameleonic reputation precedes her, but Bombshell is a feat even for her-because she looks exactly like former Fox anchor Megyn Kelly. “He’s just very, very bright about what music sounds like, what it is, and how it can be manipulated,” Newman said. Newman has worked with Mendes on nearly every film the director has made over the past two decades, beginning with 1999’s best picture winner, American Beauty. For 1917, Newman took Mendes’s note and decamped to London for nine weeks, recording soaring music with an orchestra at Abbey Road.
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